genespot.blogg.se - Atc organization

Moreover, if design weaknesses are not notified to the manufacturers, there is a real danger that they may be incorporated in future equipment. However, equipment cannot be improved or safety procedures designed unless the shortcomings of the equipment are brought to the notice of managers. In other cases, it may be possible to develop simple procedures to reduce the chance of error. Sometimes, equipment can be adjusted or modified to take account of design flaws. Examples include multiple screen displays and/or training/mentoring situations. This is particularly important when angle of sight from some screens does not allow a clear view.

Some equipment displays may not allow all operational staff to view them clearly. In some cases, equipment design has flaws which can make it easier to make a perceptual error and therefore harder to detect and correct it. aircraft trajectory is difficult to interpret, or certain font characters are easy to confuse). Some equipment displays can give rise to optical illusion (e.g. It has been shown that the same stimuli can mean different things in different environments. Our perception is also dependant on the context from which the specific information stimuli are derived. Perception is strongly influenced by what we expect to see or hear - expectation bias. Our senses may be misled by optical illusion or by its auditory counterpart. Our perception of a situation relies on a combination of different sensory inputs and our existing mental model of the situation. If not challenged, it may well lead the controller to a completely incorrect Situational Awareness. In all these examples the incorrect perception could easily have led to a dangerous situation if not corrected. A tower controller does not see the strobe lights of an aircraft on the runway because there are a number of other flashing lights in the same direction due to work in progress.

Possibly the ATCO perceived F元30 because it suited the plans better. Later it turns out that F元50 has always been displayed in the label.

An ATCO sees an assigned FL 330 in a label and plans the other actions on this perception.

Again it is the expectation which creates the incorrect perception.

A flight is given a climb clearance that is taken by another aircraft on frequency which was expecting a climb clearance.

Only a slight distraction can be enough to make people hear what they expect to hear instead of what has really been said. The pilot may have planned flight level 290 and that’s why they hear 290 instead of 250. The pilot mishears the clearance and reads back “Flight Level 290”.

A flight is cleared to climb to Flight Level 250.

For that reason the word “flight level” can easily be missed. The ATCO expects to hear back 290 and that is what is heard.

A flight is cleared to a heading of 290°.

Misperception can occur in all ATC situations. The vigilant ATCO can detect situations where a misperception is likely and will therefore be more likely to detect whether their perception is correct than a non vigilant ATCO. Perception and vigilance are closely related and affect the accuracy and currency of our mental model of the air traffic situation. Processes like Decision Making and following Actions may therefore be wrong as well and it may be obvious that this can easily lead to highly undesired situations in ATM. This means that all subsequent Information Processing will be based on an incorrect premise. If this decision is incorrect, we have an incorrect image of the world around us. This is the stage where the brain decides what it is that has been received. The first stage of Human Information Processing is Perception. We get ‘tricked’ by the way the information we receive is processed in our brain. What you hear is not necessarily what’s been said. What you see is not necessarily what’s really there. Perception is not merely the process of how information goes through the eyes to the brain, but rather a “set of processes through which we recognize, organize, and make sense of the sensations we receive from the environment” (Sternberg, 2003).